Pa+Modern+Industry

The industry in Pennsylvania has started to boom over the last couple hundred years. Many different job industries are being developed and gotten rid of as technology advances. Pennsylvania’s employment community contains two main categories the industrial and the service economy are essential to the community. Both contain important job groups playing crucial rolls in the community.

Many major industries in the U.S. have originated in PA. A large amount of the states earnings before the civil war were adopted from farming. The states earnings after the civil war were based on major industries. Many jobs from the civil war era are still in existence such as harvesting crops and managing livestock.

The industrial economy after the war started to differ as technology advanced. In the metal working field iron, steel, and aluminum products are all produced. Both Henry Bessemer and Charles Gall contributed to the evolution of the metal industry. Harry Bessemer invented a process of blasting air through molten steel to remove impurities. Charles Hall discovered a cheaper method for producing aluminum.

Coal working was another vital industry within the state of Pennsylvania. Coal and Coke (refined version of coal) were necessary for the production of steel. Coke was produced in large amounts because it burns at a higher temperature and melts more efficiently. The production of coal and coke caused the railroad to become different goods main source of transportation.

Pennsylvania led the nation during the 1890’s in the production of oil. During the 1800’s oil was mainly used for the production of steel. People during the 1800’s were using oil to make a fortune because it was cheap and plentiful. Oil back in the 1800’s was also used in many illuminating objects and burnable products.

Railroads in Pennsylvania were spread out all over the state to transport the coal faster. Today more than 10,000 miles of railroads are spread out all over the state of Pennsylvania. Many goods were transported by the railroads, 75% of it was coke, metal, and co al.

Glass production was another major product produced in Pennsylvania. One of the glass production companies called The Pittsburg Plate Glass was the second largest producer of glass in the country. Glass was also made along with coal and coke. Cement production in Pennsylvania was mass-produced in large amounts during the 1800’s and it still is mass-produced in large amounts today. Cement is made by mixing sand, limestone, and rocks to make a fine gray powder. Then, the water is mixed with the powder to create a harder form of cement.

A service-based economy is the future of Pennsylvania. When people help other people with work jobs it is called a service-based economy. In a service-based economy there are automotive mechanics, HVAC workers, and repairmen. Pennsylvania’s future may be a serviced based economy because of the drop of steel mill workers.

Businesses in Pennsylvania during the 1800 were very plentiful but now these businesses are not as plentiful. Farming is still important today, but not as popular as it once was. Farmers cover only about 2% of all Pa’s jobs. Mining isn’t doing so well either. About 1% of Pennsylvania’s workers are miners. Business is very popular about 22% of Pa’s workers are business workers. Government workers aren’t as popular as business workers, but they are still many government workers in PA about 14% of the Pennsylvania’s workers are government workers. About 5% of Pa’s jobs are within the transportation, communication, and utilities industry. Another 5% are involved in some kind of Financial Category (tax people, etc.)

Out Line **I.** **Type of business in PA throughout the years (Pre-Civil War, to early 1900's)** **A.** **Agricultural Economy** **1.** **Agriculture** **a.** **Farming** **(1)** **Farming (grain, corn, etc.)** **(2)** **Managing Livestock** **(3)** **Harvesting Crops (flour, wheat, etc.)** **B.** **(After the Civil War) Industrial Economy** **1.** **Metal Works** **a.** **Iron Production** **b.** **Steel Production from Iron** **c.** **Aluminum Productions (cheaper, lighter then Steel)** **2.** **Metal Foundries** **a.** **Metals were made more efficiently through different processes invented by people** **(1)** **Henry Bessemer invented a process of blasting air through molten steel to remove impurities** **(2)** **Charles Hall discovered a cheaper method for the production of aluminum** **b.** **Coal Works** **(1)** **Coal and Coke (a refined version of coal) were essential to the production of steel** **(2)** **Coke was mass-produced for use in factories, causing them to become more efficient since coke burns at a high temperature.** **(3)** **Coal and Coke Production cause the railroads to be more frequently used.** **c.** **Andrew Carnegie** **(1)** **Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry** **(2)** **Carnegie found a way to make steel cheaper and easier to produce during the Civil War** **(3)** **Carnegie edited the Bessemer process and made it easier causing steel to be mass-produced.** **(4)** **Carnegie obtained most of his money from the Oil Industry.** **3.** **Petroleum** **a.** **Oil Production during the Mid 1800's** **(1)** **Oil was used in a variety of products during the 1800's excluding cars.** **(2)** **Many people obtained their fortune through the cheap and plentiful use of oil.** **(3)** **The first oil well was opened in Pa.** **(4)** **PA was the leading state in oil production during the 1870's** **(5)** **Oil was refined into many burnable products, which were also used for lighting different illuminating objects.** **4.** **Railroads** **a.** **Railroads were laid out throughout PA to speed up Coal Transportation** **b.** **Today, almost 10,000 Miles of railroad Crisscross PA!** **c.** **While other goods were shipped across PA via the Railroads, 75% of it was Coke, Metal, or Coal.** **5.** **Glass Production** **a.** **Glass was another major product produced in PA** **b.** **The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. (PPG Co.) is the second largest producer of Glass in the country** **c.** **Glass was also made with the assistance of coal and coke** **6.** **Cement** **a.** **Cement is also mass-produced in PA, even today** **b.** **Cement is made by mixing sand, limestone, and rocks to produce a fine gray powder** **c.** **That powder is mixed with water to create Concrete (a hardened form of Cement)** **C.** **The future: A Service Based Economy** **1.** **What is a Service Economy?** **a.** **A service-based economy is an economy where people assist each other with work** **b.** **Jobs include automotive mechanics, HVAC workers, repairmen, etc.** **c.** **PA's future may be a serviced based economy as a result of the drop of steel mill workers** **D.** **Businesses of the Past, Present, and Future** **1.** **Percentages** **a.** **Farming today is important, but nowhere near as popular as it once was. About 2% (2/100) of PA workers are farmers** **b.** **About 1% (1/100) of PA workers are Miners** **c.** **About 22% (22/100) people are business workers** **d.** **In Government jobs, about 14% of people work (14/100)** **e.** **5% of people (5/100) work in transportation, communications, or utilities** **f.** **Another 5% (5/100) are involved in some kind of Financial Category (tax people, etc.)** **g.** **Forestry has about 1% of the people in PA employed (1/100)** **h.** **About 24% (24/100) people are in construction/manufacturing (the largest group)**